■ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
☆ Defination: sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. Sustainable development promotes the name ideas of the social environmental and economic progress which are attainable within the limits of our earth natural resources.
Sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.The concept of sustainable development has been, and still is, subject to criticism, including the question of what is to be sustained in sustainable development. it contains two keys they are:
- The concept of need particular in the needs which is essential to the world’s poor,to which priority of overriding should be given.
- And the idea of limitation which imposed by the state of technology and social organisations on the environment ability to meet present and future needs.
The connection of earth to time is demonstrated in how we,today,are either benefitting or suffering from the choices of our grandparents and other ancestor.their decisions taken by them About how to farm their land.suppose for example: continue the impact of agriculture of today’s practice. Looking for the future. The policies and economic choices we make we endorse today will be the ones affecting our children and grandchildren as adult.
The concept of sustainable development has been, and still is, subject to criticism, including the question of what is to be sustained in sustainable development. It has been argued that there is no such thing as a sustainable use of a non-renewable resource, since any positive rate of exploitation will eventually lead to the exhaustion of earth’s finite stock.
The needs of today’s world are real and necessary, it is necessary to develop the ways to meet these needs that do not disregard the future .the capacity of our ecosystems has no limits which means that future generations may not be able to meet their needs the way we are able to now. - ■ Three pillars of sustainable development:
The three pillars of sustainability are a powerful tool for defining the Sustainable Development problem. This consists of three parameters: Economic, Social, and Environmental pillars. If any one pillar is weak then the system as a whole is unsustainable.at a core of sustainable development is the need to consider ‘three pillars ‘ together: the basic idea remains the same for people ,habitats and their economic system are interrelated. We may forgot or ignore that interdependence for some years or decades, but in history it has shown that before long we are reminded of it by some type of alarm or crisis.
In fact the matter is that we totally depend on ecosystem and the services they provide in order to do what we do suppose we done business build communities feed or populations and much more whether we consider the more obvious immediately vital examples the need for soil that can grow food or for clean water to drink or the less obvious but equally significant things like oxygen production during photosynthesis always processing by bacterial decomposer.we cannot avoid the conclusion that we totally depend on the environment to provide these services, we may face consequences for which we are completely unprepared.
In the same way the long term stability and success of societies rely on a healthy and productive population. the ability of society, or any social system, to persistently achieve a good social well being. Achieving social sustainability ensures that the social well being of a country, an organisation, or a community can be maintained in the long term.
We should understand The complex connections and interdependence of the three pillars requires some effort, and the effort should be constant .
• some of the common sustainable development practices.
1.solar and wind energy :Solar energy and wind energy have the ability to eliminate dependence on non renewable power source by harnessing power from renewable resources. The energy which we obtain from these resources are also limitless.
2.sustainable construction: the structure that incorporates recycled and renewable resources for example; homes,offices, and other structures will be more efficient and stand the test of time.
3.crop rotation: many farmers and gardeners are using this method as a chemical free way to reduce disease in the soil and increase potential growth of their crops.
4.water fixtures: in sustainable development water conservation is very critical and more and more products are available that use less water in the home ,such as showers, toilets, dishwashers and laundry systems.
☆ Twelfth 5- year plan on sustainable development:
The twelfth plan strategy suggested that there are significant co-benefits for climate action with in inclusive and sustainable growth.
Twelfth Five-Year Plan period is crucial for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for deepening reform and opening up and speeding up the transformation of the pattern of economic development. India has approached to a lower carbon growth strategy explicitly recognizes that policies have to be inclusive and differentiated across sectors according to their national priorities, to lower the transaction cost of implementing the policy, and conform with a nationally fair burden sharing mechanism.
1.power– on the side of supply, adopt the supercritical technologies in coal based thermal power plant; which uses gas in combined heat and power system; invest in renewable Technologies and develop hydropower in a sustainable manner .on the side of demand ,accelerate adoption of super – efficient electrical applications through market and regulatory mechanisms enhance efficiency of agriculture pump sets and industrial equipment with better Technology.
- Transport:
Increase in the share of rail in overall freight transport improve the efficiency of freight transport ;makes it price competitive by bringing down the level of cross subsidization between freight and passenger transport ,complete dedicated rail corridor ,improve share and efficiency of public transport system and improve fuel efficiency of vehicles through both market-based and regulator mechanism. - Industry:
Greenfield plants in the iron and steel and cement sectors adopt best available Technology, that existing plants particularly is small and medium plants, modernize and adopt green technology at an accelerated pace, with transparent financing mechanism. - Building:
It evolve and institutionaliz green building codes at all levels of governments. - Forestry:
Green India mission to regenerate at least 4 million hectares of degraded forest; which increased density of forest cover on 2 million of moderately dense forest; overall increase the density of forest trees cover on 10 million hectares of forest, waste and community lands.
■ United nations sustainable development goals -post agenda -2015 Agenda.
17 sustainable development goals:
- End extreme poverty in all its forms everywhere:
End of extreme poverty in all forms my 2030 its CE and ambitious goal but we believe it can be done by I done in mm the world committed to getting the number of people living in extreme poverty by half in 15 years and we meet this goal more than 800 million people around the world still live on less than 1.2 v a day that’s about the equivalent of the entire population of Europe living in extreme povertypoverty - End hunger achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture:
In the past 20 years hunger and has dropped by almost half. many countries that used to suffer from famine and hunger can now Meet the nutritional needs of their most vulnerable people .it is an incredible incredible accomplishment. that means doing things such as promoting sustainable agriculture and supporting small farmers. it has a tall order .for the sake of nearly one out of every nine people on earth who go to bed hungry every night .sometimes the situations comes like that they do not have food to eat so they face a lot of problems in their daily life .imagine a world where everyone has access to sufficient and nutritious food all year round to the we can make that a reality by 2030. - Ensure healthy life and promote helping for all at all ages:
Since 1990 we have made it big strides preventable child deaths are down by more than half ,and maternal mortality is down by almost as much as the children’s death. and yet some other number reamain tragically high,like the fact that every year 6 million children die before their 5th birthday this is the cause of death leading to AIDS for adults in sub-saharan Africa .we have the means to turn that around and make good health more than just A wish so everybody can live their life happily.
4.Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunity for all:
How first the bad news is about education is poverty. which armed conflict and other emergencies keep many of the many of the kids away from the world of school.a education the children’s take birth in a poor family did not get the opportunity to go to school or to study. They did not get the opportunity to show their talent to world. In fact in developing regions kids from the poorest household are four times more likely to be out of school than those of the richest households .now for some good news since 2000 there has been an enormous progress on the goal to provide primary education to all children’s worldwide either they are poor or rich .the primary school enrollment rate is developing regions reached 91%. by measure in any school that good grade let’s get an even better grade for all the kids and achieve the goal of Universal primary and secondary education affordable vocational training access to higher education and more by doing this there will be no no there will be not a single scared who will be afraid of going school or studying .
5.Achieve gender equality and empower for womens and girls:
The great progress the world has made in becoming more prosperous and fair in worth celebrating. yet in just about every way women and girls are lagging behind even they have the talent to do so but they did not get opportunity to show their talents. there are still gross inequalities in work and wages lots of unpaid women’s work such as child care and domestic work and discrimination in public decisions making. there are ground for hope. As compared to previous years and there are more girls are in a school now in 2000 .most regions have reached gender parity in primary education .the percentage of women getting paid for their work is are increasing rise. of sustainable development goal am to build on this achievement to ensure that there is an end of discrimination against women and girls every where they should get opportunity to show their talent they have the rights to do all the works its it is a basic human right.
6.Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation:
Everyone on the earth should have access to safe and affordable drinking water. everyone should save water it’s the responsibility of us to save water to take care of it. that Global for 2030. while many people around the world take clean drinking water and sanitation for granted, many other don’t .water scarcity affects more than 40% of people around the world, and that number is projected to go even higher as a result of Climate Change. if we continue the path we are on by 2050 at least one in four people are likely to be affected by easy carrying water shortages. but every can take a new path we can change all this, more International Corporation protecting wetlands and rivers sharing water treatment Technologies and more that leads to accomplishing this goals so we should also take care about all this.
7.Ensure access to affordable reliable sustainable and modern energy for all;
Between 1990 and 2010 the number of people with access to Electricity increased by 1.7 billion. that progress to be proud of and yet was the world’s population continues to Rising, still more people will need cheap energy to light their homes and Street used phones and computers
and do their everyday business .because they are their everyday needs . the way we get that energy is at issue fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions are making drastic change in this climate , leading to big problems on every continent .Instead of we can become more energy efficient and invest in clean energy sources such as solar and wind that where we will meet electricity needs and protect the environment very well.
8.Promote sustained inclusive and sustainable economic growth full and productive employment and decent work for all:
Important part of economic growth is that people having jobs through which they can pay enough to support themselves and their families. the good news is that the middle class is growing worldwide nowadays ,almost Tripling in size and developing countries in the last 25 years, more than one-third of the population but in 2015 we also have a widening inequalities and job growth is not keeping pace with the growing labour force over 200 million people don’t have jobs that don’t have wages. That the equivalent of entire population of Brazil things don’t have to be that way we can promote policies that encourage inter ownership and job creation we should provide the job to Peoples of middle class we can eradicate forced labour or slavery and human trafficking and in the end we can achieve the goal of decent work for women and men by 2030 so that no people on the earth should face any problem related to finance background.
9.Build resilient infrastructure promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and Foster innovation:
Nowadays Technology plays an important role in our everyday lives. technological progress helps us address big Global challenges such as creating jobs and becoming more energy efficient the world is is becoming ever more interconnected and prosperous and dependent on technology so thanks to the internet the more connected we are the more we can all benefit from the the wisdom and contribution of people everywhere on the earth yet 4 billion people have no way of getting online the vast majority of them in developing countries the more we invest in innovation and infrastructure the better of well all be.
10.Reduce inequality within and among countries
We can and must adopt policies that creating opportunity for everyone regardless of who they are or where they come from income inequality is a global problem that requires Global solution that means improving the regulation of financial Markets and Institutions and development add where it is most needed and helping people migrate safely so they can pursue opportunities.
