WORLD CLIMATE TYPE.
According to the Köppen climate classification system, there are five climate groups: tropical, dry, mild, continental, and polar. These climate groups are further divided into climate types.
🔸️Hot wet equatorial climate:
The most outstanding feature of the equatorial climate is its great uniformity of temperature throughout the year with no winters. … Cloudiness and heavy precipitation ~ 150 – 250 cm of rainfall or more in a year, helps to moderate the temperature, so that even at the equator, climate is not unbearable.
🔸️distribution:
Distribution refers to the way something is spread out or arranged over a geographic area. The concept of distribution can be applied to nearly everything on Earth, from animal and plant species, to disease infections, weather patterns, and man-made structures.the hot wet equatorial climate if found from 0° to 10° north and south of the equator.
🔸️climate:
Climate is the average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine.
●rainfall:
The major cause of rain production is moisture moving along three-dimensional zones of temperature and moisture contrasts known as weather fronts. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds (those with strong upward vertical motion) such as cumulonimbus (thunder clouds) which can organize into narrow rainbands. as this region recieves maximum sundays throughout year,the evaporation rate is very high and there is continuous rainfall throughout the year.the annual rainfall is nearly 150-250cm.this rainfall is well distributed throughout the year.rainfall is slightly higher in the months of April and October..
● temperature:
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of the atmosphere on some chosen scale. It is commonly measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Temperature is a very important factor in determining the weather, because it influences other elements of the weather. As the sun rays are high throughout the year,there is no winter and the annual range of temperatures is also very low ,Upton 2°c.the annual average temperature at the equator is 27°c.
● relative humidity:
Relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. Relative humidity depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest. The relative humidity in equatorial region is very high, more than 80%.
🔸️types of vegetation:
Vegetation type also affects P availability and transformations in soil systems. Within forest systems, different tree species especially influence inorganic and organic P pools. In a coastal Oregon clay loam, a mixed red alder .and Douglas-fir . forest contained 65–225% more dissolved, inorganic P than a pure purely Douglas-fir forest (Giardina et al., 1995). Equatorial region are characterized by evergreen forests. the forests are called evergreen because these forest always remain green on account of abundant availability of moisture throughout the year. these forests are also called rainforest because these forests receive high rainfall throughout the year.
🔸️characteristics of evergreen forests:
⏺ the equatorial region are are rich in forests ,commercial exploitation of the forest is is difficult because tree varieties in these forests are heterogeneous in nature. more over, the wood is heavy and cannot be transported through water. usually, forestwood is transported through rivers, because it is almost impossible for the trucks to enter into the dense forest.
⏺ in in equatorial evergreen forest ,there is a Peculiar arrangement of plants. the tallest tree attain a height of nearly 150 feet .their trunks are narrow with widespread branches at the top to gather sunlight .the smaller tree lie beneath the tallest trees. the smaller tree receive less sunlight .at the lowest level are shrubs, herbs, ..etc., which can survive in minimal sunlight.
⏺ if equatorial forest are cut down ,heavy rainfall leads to sudden soil erosion .thus, regeneration of these forest is difficult. The plant cover is very dense .as a result, sunlight fails to reach the ground .thus, there is no grass in these forests.
🔸️Human Life:
High Humidity result in early tiredness. mental alertness is also low . Harsh climate conditions are cited as reason for low economic development in this region. consequently,many primitive societies are living in this regions. the high temperature and humid conditions are ideal for growth of microorganisms.thus,these regions are vulnerable to communicable diseases.
🔸️Agriculture and Biodiversity:
agricultural biodiversity is a broad term that includes “the variety and variability of animals, plants and micro-organisms at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels that sustain the ecosystem structures, functions and processes in and around production systems, and that provide food and non-food agricultural products.”
These regions have maximum biodiversity. Biodiversity reduces with increase in altitude and latitude .. this region is also home to large plantations .Malaysia and Indonesia account for more than two- third of natural rubber production. Malaysia is also a leading producer of oil palm.
other important crops cultivated in this region are tea, coffee, tobacco ,Cocoa, etc…
- TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE:
An area of tropical monsoon climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category “Am”. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month of the year and a dry season. Tropical monsoon climates is the intermediate climate between the wet Af and the drier Aw .
🔸️ Distribution:
In the southern hemisphere, this climate is prevalent in North- Eastern Australia. this type of climate is found in the Indian subcontinent, mynamar, Thailand, vietnam,Cambodia and laos.
🔸️Climate:
Up to 95% of rainfall is confined to 4 months during summer in a year. The average annual rainfall experienced in this climate is nearly 125 cm.monsoon type of climate refers to seasonal reversal of winds.
🔸️type of vegetation :
The forest in these regions are mainly of deciduous type. After Rainy Seasons, trees shed their leaves because they are required to adjust the dry period.the main characteristics of these forests are as follows:
These forests are less dense and homogeneous in nature .the wood of these forests is light in weight.thus,these forests are most favorable for commercial exploitation .lumbering is an important activity in these regions.
As the rainfall is concentrated during 4 months, the forest are green only during the rainy season.
Myanmar alone accounts for three-fourths of the world’s teak production.
Rice,jute,cotton, tea,and coffee are important crops in this region.
